The easy theory book
Here you will learn how to safely, considerately, and in an energy- and environmentally friendly manner adjust your driving according to the conditions and comply with the applicable rules and regulations. You will practice on different types of roads and at different times of the day (during and outside rush hours, in daylight and in darkness).
When you are starting, pay attention to other traffic that may come from behind.
There are three things that particularly pose a risk when you start or stop:
When you start from the roadside, you must never be a nuisance or danger to other drivers. Therefore, you must look carefully ahead and look back through the mirrors. Also, remember to turn your head and look around the headrest to the left if you are on the right side. If you start from the left side of the road, look over your right shoulder. This way, you will also see vehicles that may be hidden in blind spots behind. If there is very little space where you are parked, be particularly attentive.
You should also consider if the road is greasy, wet, or slippery, so you cannot start as usual.
Avoid driving in front of someone. Therefore, it is important to be able to estimate the distance correctly to a car coming from behind. Experience shows that one often believes that the car behind is driving slower or is further away than expected. Therefore, be attentive and cautious when driving off the curb.
If there is heavy traffic, it can be difficult to 'get out' in a safe way that does not inconvenience other drivers.
You must wait and be patient instead of forcing the car into traffic to the risk of yourself and others. Remember to use turn signals, and make sure that the low beam is on so others can see you. When you drive out, start gently, but also make sure to start quickly enough so that you do not unnecessarily slow down traffic.
The same applies when you need to stop at the roadside. Signal with turn signals well in advance, gently reduce speed so that you are not at risk for those driving behind you. Brake gently until you stop, and turn off the engine and lights if necessary.
Remember:
To drive well and safely, the car must be in the right place on the road. Therefore, pay attention to the road markings and traffic signs.
Refer to How to proceed
Refer to How to proceed
The following describes what the various elements on the road are called and what they mean.
A lane is a part of the roadway. It should be wide enough for a row of cars to travel on. If there are lane markings, simply follow them; if not, you should divide the road into lanes yourself and stay in the middle of your lane.
You should stay to the right, but not so close to others on the side of the road that you pose a danger or inconvenience to them. If the road is so narrow that two cars cannot fit side by side, you should move as far to the right as possible. You should pass islands and traffic signals to the right, unless there are signs indicating otherwise.
You need to be able to recognize the different markings on the road. These include lane markings, traffic signs, or road markings.
Lane markings are divided into several categories:
A solid edge line delineates the part of the road that cars, motorcycles, and large mopeds should use. You are allowed to cross an edge line when stopping or parking, or when entering and exiting driveways. You can also cross the edge line when overtaking a vehicle that is about to turn left.
If there is a bus lane or a bicycle lane to the right, you must not cross the line.
You are allowed to cross the dashed edge line.
If it is a wide edge line, it means that space has been provided for cyclists and pedestrians. If it is a narrower edge line, no space has been provided, so you should be aware that cyclists and pedestrians may be on the normal roadway.
A lane line is the line that separates lanes on the roadway. A warning line is the line that warns of poor visibility conditions or signals that there will soon be stop lines, meaning fully drawn lines between the two lanes that must not be crossed. However, if a car is parked illegally or there is roadwork, you are allowed to cross the double lines. There may also be an actual stop box, which is a field with stripes across it. Here, you should pass to the right, in the direction the stripes point.
There are some traffic signs that are good to know:
If there is a mandatory direction, you must drive the way the sign indicates. With optional direction, you can choose which side to drive to. Finally, there is the crawling lane sign, indicating where drivers should position themselves if they are driving slower than the speed indicated on the sign for the normal roadway. At lay-bys, traffic signals, or similar, you should pass to the right, unless otherwise indicated on the signs.
Look as far ahead as corresponds to driving for 8-12 seconds straight ahead, and avoid focusing solely on the roadway just in front of the car. Try to assess the traffic to avoid braking and accelerating constantly, thus using less fuel. Continuously move your gaze, look ahead and to the sides, and use the mirrors to look behind.
When driving around curves, you can follow the lines on the roadway, and remember that the faster you drive, the less you can move or turn the steering wheel before losing control of the car.
When visibility is poor, such as in hills or curves, look as far ahead as possible. In that situation, be extra attentive to other cars and vehicles in front, behind, and to the sides.
The Traffic Act states that you must consider traffic and other conditions and keep as far to the right as possible, while still considering factors such as cyclists, moped riders, parked vehicles, or pedestrians. Also, position yourself in the middle of the lane you are driving in. Only use the left lane if you need to overtake or pass someone. Move to the right on narrow roads before a hilltop or when the road curves are unclear. Continuously adjust the steering wheel when turning to avoid jerky movements. Try to avoid making too many steering corrections when increasing speed.
The speed should always match the conditions in which you are driving. The conditions cover both road conditions and the condition of the vehicle. Road conditions include weather, wind, equipment, and progress. Other conditions such as the vehicle's condition cover whether the car is loaded, but also your own condition, and how congested the traffic is. Overall, the speed should be adjusted to the sum of it all, and of course, you should also follow the speed indicated on the traffic signs.
There are several situations that can be dangerous and lead to accidents. For example, there are a lot more single-vehicle accidents on straight stretches than there are in bends. This often happens because the driver veers too far to the right or left on the road – or even completely off into the shoulder – and then tries to turn back onto the road, thereby losing control of the car. High speed is one of the major causes of young drivers ending up in so-called single-vehicle accidents, where they lose control of the car in a curve or end up colliding with objects on the road, such as other cars, containers, and the like. The accident can also happen if you are not paying attention to the traffic. High speed, alcohol, and drugs are an extremely dangerous combination, and if the car's tires are worn and there is poor traction due to wet or slippery conditions, then the risk is high. Always be very attentive to who is moving in traffic, where you are driving, and adjust your speed accordingly.
When choosing speed, there are some specific things you need to be aware of – whether you misjudge your own speed, the sharpness of a road bend, traction, whether your vehicle has incorrect tire pressure, worn tires, or improper loading. If you turn sharply on the steering wheel, especially if you are driving at high speed or are not paying attention, there is also a risk of a dangerous situation arising.
When choosing speed, be especially aware of the potential dangers in these areas: road bends or hills with poor visibility, where obstacles may be hidden. These could include slow-moving vehicles, cyclists, or pedestrians on the side of the road.
Also, watch out for sharp road bends, railroad crossings with poor visibility, road surfaces with reduced traction such as gravel or cobblestones, speed bumps, obstacles ahead such as parked cars, or weather conditions that may impair visibility. This could include being blinded by the sun or driving in rainy conditions.
Monitor your speed by assessing visual cues from the road, feeling vibrations from the car, and listening to sounds from the engine, wind, tire noise, etc. Also, check your speed quickly by glancing at the speedometer. Look for lane markings and traffic signs warning of road bends, speed limits, railroad crossings, or anything else that may require you to reduce speed. Always gauge the distance to the vehicle in front of you. Watch for traffic approaching from behind. Particularly, heavy vehicles may accelerate just before or after a hill. Look both ways for trains approaching a railroad crossing – and also watch for auditory and/or light signals indicating an approaching train.
You must be able to adjust your speed so that you drive safely and according to conditions, visibility, and speed limits. Shift gears when indicated by the car's indicator – if the car has one. Maintain a relatively constant speed by using the accelerator pedal moderately or the car's cruise control. Only drive fast enough to always maintain full control of the car, so you can stop within the distance you can see and avoid colliding with an obstacle on the road. Drive in as high a gear as possible to save fuel – however, without lugging the engine.
When going up a steep hill, shift down to a lower gear in good time so you have enough engine power to get over the hill. Use the climbing lane if you cannot maintain the minimum allowed speed. Consider reducing speed when reaching the top of the hill if visibility is poor. Choose a gear that suits the slope and length of the hill. When driving downhill, select a gear that matches the steepness and length of the hill. Maintain a steady speed by easing off the accelerator pedal. You may choose a lower gear to utilize engine braking or brake occasionally. However, refrain from continuous braking over a long stretch, as it can cause the brakes to overheat.
When approaching a curve, refrain from accelerating or braking, but simply maintain your speed. You should have already chosen an appropriate speed. Optionally, lightly accelerate when exiting the curve while straightening the car. Because speed is a crucial factor for safety and good driving, always keep an eye on the road, markings, signs, and of course, the speedometer.
If you approach a railroad crossing, be particularly attentive and be prepared to stop if a train or tram is approaching. You must always stop at a stop line or at least 5 meters before a crossing mark, a red flashing signal, or a barrier that is lowered or in the process of being lowered or raised. You must also stop if you can simply hear a train or tram approaching. Never blindly rely on signals, barriers, etc. – technology can fail. Therefore, always come to a complete stop at the stop line at a railroad crossing and thoroughly observe your surroundings.
Outside cities – except on motorways – you are normally allowed to drive at a maximum of 80 km/h. If you are towing a trailer or caravan, you are also limited to a maximum of 80 km/h – this also applies on motorways. However, you can obtain a special permit called "tempo 100." With this permit, you can drive at 80 km/h on rural roads and expressways and 100 km/h on motorways.
There are a whole range of situations where you need to maintain an appropriate low speed:
50 km/h in built-up areas
80 km/h outside built-up areas
80 km/h on motorways
130 km/h on highways
30 km/h - small moped
30 km/h - car and motorcycle with non-registered trailer, e.g., cement mixer
30 km/h - car being towed by another vehicle
30 km/h - tractor
40 km/h - tractors may drive 40 km/h if equipped with a Tempo 40 sticker on the back
45 km/h - large moped
50 km/h - truck and bus over 3,500 kg within urban areas. Otherwise, follow local speed signs.
80 km/h - car with attached registered trailer (e.g., caravan) on rural roads/motorways/highways. However, with special approval, the car and trailer can be tempo 100 approved, allowing 80 km/h on rural roads/motorways and 100 km/h on highways.
80 km/h - towed vehicle and truck outside urban areas (80 km/h on highways)
80 km/h - bus and motorhome
100 km/h - bus on highways
100 km/h - motorhome over 3500 kg on highways
80 km/h - motorcycle with registered trailer, e.g., trailer or caravan also on highways and entrance/exit ramps is at most 80 km/h.
Be aware that you will lose your driver's license if you drive more than 40 percent faster than allowed.
E 80 General speed limits
The sign indicates the general speed limits that apply in the country.
C 55 Local speed limit
C 55 Local speed limit. The sign sets a local speed limit for a stretch of the current road, cf. the Road Traffic Act § 42. The speed limit applies regardless of the provision in § 16, paragraph 2, until it is lifted by an end sign, by distance indication on a sub-sign, or by indication of another speed limit. The speed limit can be restricted to apply only to vehicles, including combinations, whose total authorized weight exceeds the specified limit by weight indication on a sub-sign.
E 51 Recreation and play area
Everyone is allowed to stay or play on the roads in the area, but children and adults in the area must not obstruct traffic. Vehicles must yield to pedestrians, who otherwise would be at risk of being hit. Driving must be done at a speed of no more than 15 kilometers per hour, and road users must show extra consideration and attention to pedestrians in the area. When exiting, drivers must yield unconditionally. Parking of cars must be done in designated parking areas, while other vehicles can park according to general traffic rules. However, this does not apply to bicycles, mopeds, and two-wheeled motorcycles. Drivers have an unconditional duty to yield when exiting a recreation and play area.
E 53 Area with speed reduction
The sign indicates an area where the road is designed in such a way that it is not suitable for driving at a higher speed than indicated.
The sign can be used with the sub-signs U 1, U 2, or U 6 for advance warning.
When changing lanes or merging, you need to be particularly attentive to where other road users are. You should also be familiar with the signs or markings on the road that can assist you when changing lanes or merging.
Refer to "How to do it"
When changing lanes, it can catch your fellow drivers off guard. Therefore, make sure it happens without unnecessary risk or danger to others. Be very mindful of those driving behind you, and be careful not to misjudge their distance and/or speed. Thus, thoroughly check to the side and behind by using mirrors and turning your head to cover blind spots. Of course, do not do it for so long that you lose focus on what is happening in front of the car.
Keep an eye on those driving behind you, but be careful not to look for so long that you overlook obstacles on the road ahead. Maintain a safe distance from other drivers when merging, and be aware that not everyone observes the merging requirement.
Check well in advance for vehicles approaching from behind. Also, look for vehicles behind or in front that are about to change lanes. Try to avoid causing those driving behind you to brake. It is not always possible in heavy traffic. Look around using mirrors and by turning your head to check blind spots. Signal with indicators when changing lanes or positioning to the side. It is not mandatory, but do it anyway. However, on highways, you must always signal.
Look for vehicles driving diagonally behind you on both sides, which may be hidden in your blind spots. Notice if there are signs that drivers behind you are not adhering to their merging obligation. If lane lines end before the lanes reduce (e.g., from three to two lanes), then you should follow the merging rule. In short, this means that drivers should show consideration for each other, adjusting their speed to that of other drivers. Adjust your speed to match others in your lane, and carefully observe ahead and behind, turning your head to cover blind spots. Use indicators if it can help others know where you are going and what you are doing.
Adjust your speed as much as possible to the traffic in the lane you are switching to. Avoid changing lanes if other drivers are forced to slow down. Signal well in advance to indicate your intentions. Position yourself in the middle of the new lane. Turn off the turn signal - unless you need to turn or make a U-turn immediately.
Adjust your speed to those you are merging with. Signal if necessary to indicate your intentions. Turn off the turn signal when you have merged with the other traffic.
Use the turn signal if it can help other drivers understand what you intend to do.
You need to learn how to perform both a U-turn and a three-point turn. You should also familiarize yourself with traffic signs related to turning around. Additionally, you need to learn how to reverse.
Accidents involving turning maneuvers often pose a risk from those approaching from behind. This typically includes other drivers, cyclists, or pedestrians.
You can easily misjudge the speed and distance of oncoming or following vehicles. Be careful not to focus solely on oncoming traffic or, for example, a traffic signal, so you don't overlook other factors. Impatience due to constantly yielding to oncoming traffic can be dangerous. Be patient. Also, know the size of your vehicle to understand how much space it occupies on the road.
When you turn, do so without inconveniencing or endangering others. There's a particularly high risk of collisions when you turn – whether it's bicycles, cars, mopeds, or motorcyclists. Look carefully in all directions, and turn the car to the left if possible.
There are two types of turns:
You need to learn: turning, reversing, U-turn from the middle of the road, turning from the right roadside, turning at signal-regulated intersections, and reversing. Additionally, you should learn about the road markings and traffic signs that indicate turning or reversing.
When you need to make a U-turn, drive as close to the center of the road as possible. Signal left, and wait for the road to be clear ahead. When there's space, slowly move forward and quickly turn the steering wheel to the left. When the car is facing in the opposite direction, accelerate and adjust to the rest of the traffic.
When making a three-point turn, first stop on the right side of the road. Thoroughly observe the traffic and choose a spot on the road that's as wide as possible with good visibility. Drive towards the left side of the road, shift to reverse, and back up to the right side of the road, positioning the car diagonally facing the opposite direction. Then straighten out and drive straight ahead, now in the opposite direction. See illustration.
Reversing is a dangerous maneuver. As with all other maneuvers with the car, you must be able to perform it without endangering yourself or others. Therefore, keep a close watch on all sides, front and rear, to avoid overlooking fixed objects such as signs or poles. You are not allowed to reverse on motorways or main roads, just as you are not allowed to reverse on entrance or exit ramps or emergency lanes.
Before you turn or reverse, make sure you can do so without endangering or inconveniencing others. Use your turn signal to indicate that you intend to turn.
When passing other cars or vehicles as well as pedestrians, you should maintain a safe distance. Slow down to match the surroundings. Pay particular attention to whether there are elderly individuals, children, or playing children on the side of the road who may suddenly step onto the roadway.
A significant number of collisions occur when one drives into a vehicle parked on the side of the road or when passing cars or two-wheeled vehicles pulling out from the roadside. Children and elderly individuals are also among those who may be involved in accidents because they may step onto the roadway, possibly hidden behind a vehicle.
Consider reducing your speed when passing a parked car so you can brake if a pedestrian steps out unexpectedly. This is often the case with children or elderly individuals. Also, be mindful of mopeds and bicycles that may wobble when starting or stopping.
Cars, mopeds, and bicycles often start from the roadside without proper signaling, making it difficult to anticipate when driving. By keeping a close eye on whether there is anyone in the car, whether signals are being used, or lights are on, you can better predict if someone is about to pull out, allowing you to take precautions. Similarly, cyclists' and moped riders' body language can indicate if they are about to start from the side of the road, and you can adjust accordingly. Pay attention to signs of passengers or pedestrians who may suddenly step onto the road. Also, be aware of horses, roadwork, or school patrols.
When approaching pedestrians in a pedestrian crossing, you should reduce your speed to a level where they know you can and will stop for them. This also applies if there are school patrols present. If there are pedestrians on the road, maintain a sufficient distance and slow down enough so as not to unnecessarily pressure them. Additionally, drive slowly enough to avoid splashing rain or snow on them. If you are driving behind a bus that is indicating to pull out from a bus stop, you should yield.
You should know that oncoming vehicles may cross the center line of the road. This can happen due to weather conditions, road conditions, or other traffic situations.
There are quite a few accidents involving young drivers when they encounter oncoming traffic. This often happens on narrow roads or two-lane roads. There are also a number of collisions with oncoming cars overtaking or turning, or a car driving ahead and reversing, as well as pedestrians on the roadside.
If you drive over the center of the road, it can pose a risk of colliding with oncoming traffic. Therefore, you should only cross the center for a short period of time.
Keep an eye out for obstacles ahead in your own lane. If you're driving on a narrow road, a road with potholes, or with parked vehicles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and vehicles with trailers often end up crossing the center line due to poor handling characteristics. Maintain distance as best as you can. In strong winds or when encountering a large truck that can create turbulence, you or other drivers may be pushed off course. Inattention can also cause oncoming drivers to cross the center line. When there are hills, it can be difficult to assess where oncoming traffic is positioned on the road. Therefore, be extra vigilant.
You should keep an eye on oncoming traffic at all times. Reduce your speed to an appropriate level and maintain a safe distance to the side. Watch for traffic on the right side of the road, and stay behind pedestrians, moped riders, and cyclists until the oncoming vehicle has passed and you can overtake without squeezing them.
If there is an obstacle in your own lane, you should stop and let the oncoming vehicle pass first before continuing—unless a traffic signal or road sign indicates otherwise.
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You should always maintain a safe distance from those driving in front of and behind you.
There are quite a few accidents involving drivers who collide with those in front or behind them. Often, this occurs in heavy traffic.
It's important to maintain a good distance from those in front. A following distance of less than 2 seconds is too short for you to avoid a collision if the vehicle in front suddenly brakes. If the road is slippery or greasy, or if you're driving behind a vehicle that obstructs your view, preventing you from seeing what's happening further ahead, you should maintain an even greater distance. Always be aware of the speed and position of the vehicle in front so you can react in time.
Be attentive to situations that may be dangerous. For example, if you or others suddenly need to brake at turns, intersections, queues, or crossing pedestrians, or if visibility becomes poor due to fog or slippery conditions. Be extra cautious if you're driving behind or in front of a large vehicle that obstructs your view, or if you're behind someone who seems distracted or unfamiliar with the area. Continuously use your mirrors and turn your head to see what's happening, and assess whether the distance to the vehicle behind and in front is safe enough. Also, monitor your speed to ensure you're neither driving too fast nor excessively slow.
When driving in front of others: Maintain the traffic rhythm as much as possible. Of course, you should adhere to the speed limit and be aware that you must not drive so slowly that you impede traffic. In that case, pull over to the side and let others pass. Keep an eye on those behind you by frequently checking your mirrors, and if it appears they want to overtake, move well to the right in your lane.
When driving behind others:
Assess the distance to the vehicle in front of you and determine if there is enough space for you to react or brake. You should look as far ahead as possible when driving behind others – even beyond the vehicle in front of you. Keep an eye out for obstacles, turns, hills, traffic jams, railway crossings, or anything else you need to be particularly attentive to. The distance to the vehicle in front of you should be large enough for you to brake and react if something unexpected happens.
If you are towing a trailer or similar, you should maintain enough distance to the vehicle in front to allow other vehicles to overtake and merge between you and the vehicle in front. Vehicles traveling at low speeds or those that are extra wide should be especially mindful of those behind them on narrow or winding roads. They should facilitate overtaking by either reducing speed or pulling over so others can pass.
If there is a traffic jam or danger, you may use hazard lights to alert drivers behind you. Maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front, equivalent to approximately a 2-second time interval. If road conditions are slippery or slick, you should maintain an even greater distance from the vehicle in front to allow for braking.
Braking distance is the distance you travel from the moment you begin braking until you come to a stop. The harder you press the brake pedal, the shorter the braking distance. You will learn more about braking distances during lessons at the driving facility.
In most cases, collisions can be avoided by maintaining at least a 2-second driving time interval to the vehicle in front. It can be difficult to gauge, especially for inexperienced drivers, what this means. Therefore, practice seeing how far you travel in 2 seconds. Find a fixed point (like a car) ahead on the road, start counting one-thousand-and-one, one-thousand-and-two, and see how close you have come to the point. If you have passed it, you have been driving too closely and need to maintain more distance from the vehicles in front.
If it is discovered after a collision that you were driving so close that there was 0.4 seconds or less of distance to the vehicle in front, your driver's license may be conditionally revoked.
In these situations, you cannot rely on the two-second rule and must maintain more distance because your braking distance is longer than usual:
You need to learn to assess how much space you need to overtake.
Accidents often occur during overtaking. When you need to overtake, remember that overtaking accidents often result in serious injuries to people and damage to vehicles. It's typically the overtaking vehicle that collides with an oncoming vehicle or fails to notice one approaching from behind and pulls out in front of it.
Accidents often occur because drivers fail to properly assess the situation or overtake where overtaking is prohibited. It's easy to underestimate the amount of space needed to overtake, and there's particularly greater risk when overtaking near bends, hills, intersections, or long vehicles such as trucks or trailers. Know your own acceleration capabilities, and be aware that if you hesitate too long, you may not have enough time to overtake safely. Remember to be patient when driving behind a slow-moving vehicle to avoid making rushed overtaking maneuvers. Do not blindly follow others overtaking; instead, assess whether there is enough space for you to overtake safely. When overtaking a truck, be aware of strong wind turbulence, which can affect your overtaking time, as well as water spray from wet roads, which can impair visibility.
It depends on your vehicle's overtaking capability, the speed limit at the location, and the speed difference between your vehicle and the one you intend to overtake. Never attempt an overtake unless you are completely sure you can complete it before encountering oncoming traffic. Also, be mindful of obstacles that may obstruct your view: hill crests, bends, adverse weather conditions, or low sun glare.
Also, pay attention to any signals from the vehicle ahead that may indicate new maneuvers: Is the driver signaling a turn or any other action that requires you to adjust your overtaking strategy?
Overtaking involves three phases – before, during, and after the maneuver. Overtaking should be done on the left. However, vehicles indicating a left turn should be overtaken on the right. Before overtaking, thoroughly assess the situation. Ensure there is sufficient space ahead, meaning you should be able to see further ahead than your overtaking distance.
To improve visibility, move slightly to the left and look as far ahead as possible. If you are driving behind a line of vehicles or a truck convoy, consider whether it is safe to overtake.
Before deciding to overtake, make sure you can return to the right lane after completion without obstructing the vehicle you overtook. Never blindly follow another car that is overtaking – always assess the situation yourself and evaluate the safety and opportunities for overtaking.
When ready to overtake, signal with your left turn signal or use the overtaking signal to inform vehicles behind you of your intention. If you are on a highway, use the turn signal.
While overtaking, constantly monitor the vehicle you are passing and be alert for oncoming traffic. If a vehicle approaches, abandon the maneuver immediately and return to your lane. Always use a relatively low gear when overtaking – it provides the best acceleration for a quick and safe maneuver.
Maintain a safe lateral distance from the vehicle you are overtaking, and be mindful that overtaking large trucks may expose you to wind turbulence while passing.
After completing the overtake, return to the right lane when you can see the overtaken vehicle in your rearview mirror – this ensures sufficient distance without causing inconvenience.
If you intend to overtake multiple vehicles in one attempt, you may remain in the overtaking lane. However, be aware that this is one of the riskiest maneuvers. Ensure there is enough space between vehicles to merge back into the line if oncoming traffic appears. Some vehicles you intend to overtake may not have noticed you and might pull out in front of you.
If you need to overtake a vehicle turning left, reduce your speed and potentially come to a stop if the leading vehicle slows down. Overtake slowly on the right with ample distance.
There are several places where overtaking is prohibited:
In front of and at intersections, except if:
In front of or at railroad crossings
On hills or in bends, except if:
In front of and in pedestrian crossings, except if:
You need to learn to drive in traffic-calmed areas. A traffic-calmed area is an area where measures have been taken to reduce speed. This can include flower pots and speed bumps, and they will be marked with stripes on the road so you can see them well in advance. In traffic-calmed areas, there will be pedestrians or children playing, whom you should be aware of.
Currently, there is not enough statistical material to say anything about accidents in areas with speed calming measures, on pedestrian streets, and in recreation and play areas.
In traffic-calmed areas, you should watch out for speed-reducing measures such as speed bumps or obstacles on the road, pedestrians on pedestrian streets, or children playing who may not expect cars.
You should adhere to the speed limit signs posted near the speed bumps and be aware that some pedestrians may believe they can move more freely and safely on the roadway if there are bumps. This is not the case, but you should adjust your driving accordingly.
Special rules apply in pedestrian streets. Entry is prohibited unless there is a sign below the pedestrian street sign indicating when it is allowed to drive in the area at specific times and with specific guidelines. You must always be particularly careful when driving in a pedestrian street. You must show special consideration for pedestrians, as the street is primarily for them. Do not drive faster than 15 km/h, preferably slower, and stop if a pedestrian approaches the car closely. You may not park in a pedestrian street unless it is specifically marked. However, bicycles, mopeds, and two-wheeled motorcycles are allowed to park in pedestrian streets.
Special traffic rules apply in bicycle streets. You may drive a maximum of 30 km/h, and you may only park in designated spaces.
You are allowed to enter a recreational/play area, but you must be aware that adults and children may be on the road and playing, playing ball, etc. You must adjust to this and yield to everyone who is or is playing in the area on the road. Therefore, maintain a very low speed. You should adhere to their behavior and yield to children and adults.
Drive slowly, and preferably slower than indicated on the signs. Drive extra slowly when crossing bumps or similar obstacles. Yield to pedestrians if you cross a pedestrian street, and drive at an appropriately low speed in a bicycle street.
Yield to pedestrians, and make sure they have seen the car. Proceed only when they make space for you. In a bicycle street, drive considerately, and yield to cyclists.
When approaching an intersection, you should adjust your speed to take into account the traffic, visibility, traffic lights, and other road users – both pedestrians and drivers.
Refer to straight-ahead driving, right turns, and left turns at intersections.
Many accidents occur at intersections. They can take various forms – regular four-way intersections, T-intersections, and fork intersections/Y-intersections. Accidents happen because two roads intersect, and there may be pedestrians crossing the road in, before, and after the intersection. If you are driving too fast towards the intersection, it is harder to see properly, and you may overlook traffic lights, pedestrians, and how a vehicle in front of you reacts. All of this poses a danger to you and others in traffic. Therefore, keep an eye out for pedestrians, mopeds, and cyclists on the side of the road or on the road. Also, be aware of other drivers' maneuvers (turn signals, lane changes, speed). You should not drive faster than you can anticipate and react correctly. Conversely, you should not brake unnecessarily if you can fully anticipate the intersection – this slows down traffic.
Be aware of poor visibility at the intersection and signs that the vehicle in front is slowing down or stopping and turning into a driveway just before the intersection. Also, pay attention to whether vehicles in front are braking abruptly for a yellow light to orient themselves, hold back, or turn. Also, notice if other drivers next to you suddenly change lanes and drive in front of you. Look for pedestrians on the corners of intersections – especially children and the elderly – who may cross the road. They don't always follow the traffic lights, and they can therefore walk on red. Also, assess whether other drivers are obeying their right of way.
The lights in a traffic signal mean:
Red light – means stop. You should stop at the stop line or at a safe distance from the intersection if there is no stop line.
Green light – means go if the road is clear. If you cannot make it all the way across the intersection and thus block cross traffic when the signal changes, you may not proceed.
Yellow light – means stop. Indicates that the light will soon turn red. You should not stop when the signal changes from green to yellow if you have reached a point where it may be dangerous to brake.
In some places, there is an arrow in the traffic light. It's a turn signal, and it tells you when you can go if you need to turn and there is a clear lane.
If the light in a signal isn't working, you should drive according to the rule of yielding to the right, unless there is a sign indicating that you should yield unconditionally.
Unconditional right of way means you must yield to traffic from both sides.
You have unconditional right of way
You must know the right of way because you can't always determine from the road equipment (signs and stripes) if there is unconditional right of way. Reduce speed in good time and yield to pedestrians and cyclists.
Right-turn right of way means you must yield to traffic coming from the right if neither you nor the other driver have unconditional right of way, or the rules of merging apply.
Drive at a controlled pace so that the vehicles coming from the sides know that you are attentive and both can and will stop and yield if there is no traffic light regulating the traffic.
You must ensure that you are in the correct lane well in advance and avoid disturbing others by sudden changes. If there are multiple lanes, you should be in the lane that corresponds to the direction you intend to go. Left lane if you are turning left, middle lane if you are going straight, and right lane if you are turning right. If there are no marked lanes, you should stay on the right side of the road if you are turning right, and towards the center if you are turning left. To act correctly and position yourself correctly, you need to know a number of signs and waymarkers.
Suspended arrow markings
The signs indicate the directions of travel in the intersection for the lane under a sign. (see more)
E 16,1 Lane layout with merging
The sign indicates the layout and direction of travel of the lanes. The sign may show shoulders, obstacles, and the like, as well as lanes from the opposite direction of travel. When reducing the number of lanes, drivers must show mutual consideration, cf. the Road Traffic Act § 18, para. 4. If a traffic sign is indicated by an arrow, the sign applies to the respective lane. During road works, the signs and any sub-signs may be executed with black symbols on a yellow background. (see more)
Enter the intersection if you have good visibility and traffic permits. If you need to stop, release the accelerator in good time and only disengage the clutch just before stopping. If you need to cross a sidewalk, shoulder, or bike path when exiting the intersection, yield to pedestrians and cyclists.
Approach a traffic light intersection at a speed that allows you to stop at the stop line at a red light without obstructing vehicles behind you. If it's red, stop. If it's yellow, stop if it doesn't obstruct the vehicles behind you. And when it's green and the intersection is clear of vehicles, you can proceed. Pedestrians often cross on red, so be sure to watch out for them to take precautions. Also, remember that if the traffic lights fail, the normal right-of-way rules apply: unconditional right-of-way when indicated by a sign, and/or right-of-way to the right.
You must learn to assess speed and distance to other road users in the intersection and not blindly follow others in the intersection, as they may not necessarily adhere to their right of way.
There are quite a few accidents involving motorists or two-wheelers when one party needs to go straight through an intersection while the other needs to make a turn. You should also be mindful of pedestrians crossing the roadway.
Don't just follow others without looking carefully. It's easy to misjudge the speed and distance of those coming from the sides at an intersection. Don't expect them to always yield or obey the traffic signal. Be aware that drivers making left turns don't always yield. Keep a close eye on pedestrians crossing the road at the intersection exit.
The most important thing for driving safely and without risk to yourself and others is being able to judge the distance and speed of other vehicles. Especially young drivers often struggle to do this correctly. They may think that cars are moving slower and are farther away than they actually are, which can lead to dangerous situations. Also, remember that cyclists, pedestrians, and moped riders/motorcyclists may have difficulty seeing in bad weather, making them harder to judge. Finally, it's easy to overlook pedestrians. A serious danger can also arise if those turning left don't yield to oncoming traffic. If you notice them maintaining speed and seeming to want to turn left, even though they should yield, it's your responsibility to stop to avoid an accident.
So, be attentive to drivers stopping to turn left in front of you without yielding or stopping for red lights, as well as cyclists and pedestrians who casually turn left in front of you.
Intersections with poor visibility and yield signs from side roads In general, you should keep an eye on whether your fellow road users crossing your path yield or seem to intend to do so. The best way to do this is to slowly approach the intersection and look for mopeds and bicycles turning left in front of you. When the lane is clear and there are no pedestrians entering the intersection, you can proceed.
Even if there are traffic lights and perhaps arrow signals, keep an eye on the cross traffic – whether they yield. Some drivers run both yellow and red lights. Therefore, never blindly rely on those driving in front of you, but assess the situation yourself before entering the intersection. Also, watch out for oncoming traffic that may be inclined to turn left without yielding in the intersection.
Quickly accelerate when you have stopped at a cross street, yield line, or stop line – but only if the coast is clear for you to proceed straight ahead.
You should learn to adjust your speed so that you have the opportunity to orient yourself well before making a right turn in an intersection.
There are quite a few accidents that occur during right turns in intersections. It's especially the traffic from behind and from the sides in the intersection that are involved in accidents. Traffic from behind includes cyclists and moped riders who ride up on the right side of the car, and who may also need to make a turn. It can also involve pedestrians crossing the road onto which one is turning.
Be careful not to drive at too high a speed before and while turning, as this can make it difficult to orient yourself, and you may risk crossing into oncoming traffic lanes. Don't just follow others ahead of you who are turning; instead, make sure to orient yourself first. It's easy to misjudge the speed and distance of those coming from the left side of the intersection. Also, keep an eye out for cyclists and moped riders coming from behind, as well as pedestrians who may be at the exit of the intersection. Be aware that others may not always yield or follow the traffic signals.
There are various factors that can increase the risk of accidents when making a right turn at an intersection. These include a bike lane on the cross street in the intersection, reduced road grip, such as cobblestones or slippery conditions, vehicles from the left that may have difficulty orienting themselves, vehicles whose speed may be difficult to assess, cyclists and mopeds coming from behind that may be hidden in blind spots, cyclists or mopeds entering the intersection even though the light is red, oncoming cyclists or mopeds on a two-way bike lane, oncoming traffic making left turns without yielding, pedestrians entering the crosswalk, or children standing on the corners at the exit of the intersection or in a blocked lane. These are all things you should be aware of and drive accordingly. Look for cyclists and mopeds by using both mirrors and turning your head to check blind spots. Assess whether you can overtake cyclists and mopeds in front of you or if you need to wait behind them. Be vigilant and assess whether there is enough space when making your turn. Still, keep an eye on others in traffic while turning.
You should be aware that many cyclists and mopeds going straight may run a red light. In such cases, you should naturally brake, but without inconveniencing those driving behind you. At the same time, watch out for pedestrians in the crosswalk and for children in the intersection who may step out in front of you.
When stopped at a red light in an intersection with traffic signals, keep an eye on the signal, including green turning arrows. Look for anyone running a red light, and of course, yield if that happens. Watch out for oncoming traffic making left turns, as they may do so without yielding. Assess whether cyclists and mopeds stop for the red bicycle signal on the bike lane before you make your turn.
Before making a right turn at an intersection, you should first proceed slowly after checking your mirrors and turning your head to check the blind spot (look over your right shoulder). Then, signal your intention to turn. The car should be positioned close to the right curb, so that bicycles and mopeds stay behind you if they are turning right – and can move to your left side if they are turning left.
If they are already far ahead of you and you cannot overtake safely, you should stay behind. Naturally, avoid squeezing them towards the curb. If there is a bike lane, you cannot block cyclists before making a right turn. Therefore, you must be very attentive when checking your surroundings to avoid accidents. Assess whether there is enough space before making your turn so that you do not force other drivers to slow down, and evaluate whether other drivers from the left side of the intersection are adhering to their right of way, if applicable. Turn off your signal when you have completed your turn at the intersection, and adjust your speed and position according to the rest of the traffic.
When approaching a T-intersection, you often, but not always, have an unconditional right of way. If you have a right-of-way to yield to traffic from the right. Many drivers are unaware of this, and traffic from the left will often violate their right-of-way for you.
You need to learn to adjust your speed so you have the opportunity to orient yourself well before making a left turn at an intersection.
Left turns are the site of many accidents. It's a hazardous maneuver because many drivers fail to yield to oncoming traffic when making a left turn. Both oncoming motorists, cyclists, motorcyclists, and pedestrians are at risk of being involved in an accident.
Excessive speed before and during a left turn is often the cause of accidents, as it doesn't allow for adequate observation and safe maneuvering if you're moving too fast through the turn. Signal to those behind you that you intend to turn. Don't simply follow those ahead who are also turning left; instead, ensure proper observation before proceeding. Be aware that you may easily misjudge the speed of other drivers, and don't expect everyone to yield or obey the traffic signals. Avoid focusing solely on oncoming traffic, so you don't overlook other road users. Have patience, even if you're waiting in the exposed waiting area in the middle of the intersection, with oncoming traffic constantly present. Don't just focus on the traffic signals; look around, and understand that a green light doesn't necessarily mean it's safe to proceed but rather that you still need to check before turning. Especially watch out for crossing pedestrians or cyclists, or mopeds approaching from behind.
Prior to making a turn, keep an eye out for traffic approaching from the left side in the intersection, as they may have difficulty with orientation. Be mindful of vehicles that may be traveling faster than you initially perceive, small vehicles that are easily overlooked, oncoming traffic intending to go straight but may be obscured by other vehicles waiting to turn, pedestrians crossing the road or entering the pedestrian crossing area at the exit of the intersection, and children at the corners of the intersection. Cyclists or mopeds on two-way bike lanes can also pose challenges, as they can easily be hidden by oncoming cars, potentially leading to an accident. Therefore, follow these steps: Signal well in advance. Proceed at a calm pace.
Check to ensure that there is no traffic approaching from behind on the left side of your vehicle. Also, look to the sides of the intersection to ensure there is a clear path. Assess whether there is enough space for you to make the turn onto the other road, or if you need to advance to the turning lane in the middle of the intersection. Evaluate whether other motorists in the intersection are adhering to their respective right-of-way rules. Look for cyclists or mopeds approaching from behind on the two-way bike lane to the left in the intersection. Watch out for pedestrians entering the pedestrian crossing area or crossing the road to the left in the intersection.
Position yourself close to the center line or the relevant lane (left when turning left, right when turning right, and the middle when going straight). If the road is one-way, stay in the left lane. Watch out for children, disabled individuals, and elderly people in or near the intersection. Keep an eye on cyclists on bike lanes, and whether other motorists appear to be yielding.
When preparing to make a left turn, ensure there is enough distance for you to clear the intersection. Signal to others who are also turning left how you will pass: in the 'wide turn' or in a sharp turn.
If you are driving in an intersection with markings on the road, always stop at the marked dashed transverse line. If there is oncoming traffic, wait until you have a clear view before turning left, and avoid 'forcing' yourself into the turn, as it is risky for both you and the oncoming vehicle.
When stopping for lights at intersections, proceed only when it is green or a green arrow. Naturally, assess the traffic situation – other motorists, from cyclists to pedestrians, waiting vehicles, and mopeds. If you have to wait for oncoming traffic until it is yellow or red, you should still complete your left turn, but be attentively aware if the cross traffic is already entering the intersection.
If you have to wait for a gap in cross or oncoming traffic, wait at the yield line or where you have the best view of the intersection and the traffic within it. If there is a stop line, always stop at it. When the road is clear from the right and ahead, you can turn left.
Similarly, here you should wait for a gap in traffic from the right and oncoming traffic before turning left. Make sure you do not block traffic during the maneuver.
Intersections where cross traffic has unconditional right-of-way
Advance slowly to the middle of the intersection. Wait until there is a gap in traffic large enough for you to turn left without impeding traffic flow.
You need to learn how to navigate the roundabout, so you know where to position yourself within it.
There have been more and more roundabouts in Denmark. They are safer with fewer accidents and incidents than at regular intersections. However, accidents still occur, especially in two cases: when drivers do not orient themselves well enough and collide with cyclists and mopeds, and when drivers enter a roundabout too quickly and lose control of the vehicle.
If you approach a roundabout at too high a speed, you may not have time to orient yourself and may have difficulty observing your right-of-way. Pay attention to the road grip, especially if it's slippery or greasy. It can be difficult to judge the speed of those already in the roundabout, especially cyclists or moped riders. If you're driving too fast in the roundabout, you'll struggle to maintain your lane position. It's important to watch out for cyclists or moped riders coming from behind, as well as pedestrians crossing the road where you're exiting the roundabout.
There are some things you should keep an eye on that can pose risks of accidents in roundabouts. These include reduced road grip, vehicles from the left side in the roundabout where you may underestimate their speed, cyclists and moped riders coming from behind either on the road or on the cycle path, who may be hidden in the blind spot, signs that cyclists or moped riders are running red bicycle signals, even if you have a green light, pedestrians on their way into the pedestrian crossing or pedestrians crossing the road where you are exiting the roundabout.
When driving towards a roundabout:
You should drive at a sufficiently low speed to be able to assess the traffic. You have an unconditional duty to give way when entering a roundabout. Give way to cyclists and pedestrians, and be mindful not to enter the roundabout too quickly, especially in poor road conditions.
Approach the roundabout slowly so you have time to look around and follow traffic lights and yield signs. Enter the roundabout as soon as there is a gap. Generally, choose the lane that is most appropriate for your destination. When exiting the roundabout, the procedure varies depending on which exit you take.
Exiting at the 1st exit
If you're taking the 1st exit to the right, signal right. Be careful not to squeeze or collide with cyclists and moped riders. Check your mirrors and blind spots.
Exiting at the 2nd exit
If you're taking the 2nd exit, choose the lane that suits you best, typically the innermost or middle lane. Signal right as soon as you pass the first 'arm' of the roundabout.
Exiting at the 3rd exit
If you're taking the 3rd exit, check carefully behind you, signal off as soon as you pass the 2nd exit, and gradually move towards the right, ending up in the 1st lane so you can exit the roundabout.
You need to learn to drive on the highway, where you use the things you've already learned, but where you also learn to drive faster than you have done before.
Accidents on the highway typically occur because a driver from behind collides with the one in front or is rear-ended. Single-vehicle accidents also occur on highways.
The design of the highway, such as its width, contributes to increased risk of accidents. It's easy to underestimate both your own and others' speed, but overestimate distances. Additionally, it's important to maintain a safe distance from other traffic—especially in heavy traffic. On highways, you're allowed to drive faster, which means you need to be more vigilant both ahead and behind, and you may easily overestimate what the car can handle. In strong crosswinds and reduced road grip, for example during heavy rain, it can be difficult to control the car. The same applies if you're tired or distracted while driving. After driving for an extended period, you may become speed-blind and drive faster than allowed. Unexpected traffic jams or stopped vehicles can pose a danger because it requires you to brake well in advance according to your speed.
There are several things to be aware of when driving on the highway. When merging onto the highway, the vehicle behind you may not leave enough space. The one ahead might not take the opportunity to merge and instead stops, causing you to stop as well. If the vehicle behind you on the ramp merges before you, it can be dangerous. Watch out for vehicles approaching from behind on highways, which may be hidden in blind spots, or drivers who don't signal to give way for you to merge. Also, be aware that there may be vehicles on the ramp hidden in your blind spot.
Speed is the greatest danger on the highway. Excessive speed and insufficient distance lead to accidents, perhaps even chain collisions where multiple cars collide. It's easy to forget how fast you're going when everyone else is also driving fast. Another mistake is failing to look far ahead, read the traffic, and react correctly.
Driving on the highway can also lead to complacency since it's designed for higher speeds—no side roads, ample width, and gentle curves and slopes. When attention is low, mistakes that can have serious consequences are more likely. That's why the police are often present on the highway with checks. Maintain speed, keep distance, and be aware of traffic behind and ahead. Many drivers keep a following distance of only 2 meters—try counting to 2 seconds (the two-second rule), and see how dangerous it can be to rear-end someone when driving at 130 km/h. At minimum, it results in a suspended driver's license. Another danger is losing concentration, where, perhaps due to the monotony that can occur when driving on the highway or just regular fatigue, accidents happen.
On a highway, there is higher speed and therefore higher demands on how you should navigate and drive. Highways have become increasingly congested in recent years, and you may also encounter wrong-way drivers, which is incredibly dangerous for everyone. You need to be aware of the rules in the following three places to drive safely on the highway:
To drive on the highway, one must be able to maintain a speed of at least 50 km/h.
Cars and motorcycles that cannot maintain a speed of at least 50 km/h.
Tractor and motor implement
Horse-drawn carriage and similar
Bicycle and moped
You may only enter the motorway where it begins or via the special entrance ramps. Be very careful not to drive down the wrong ramp, especially in the dark. This creates life-threatening situations if you end up as a wrong-way driver.
The merging rule is used at the entrances to motorways. This means that other traffic at the entrance, which is behind you at the entrance point, must reduce speed so that you can enter the motorway. Those in front should simply continue driving. In short, you should merge with the help of other drivers. To signal that you want to enter the motorway, use your turn signal. If you cannot merge between the vehicles on the motorway, you may have to come to a stop. Make sure not to obstruct other drivers behind you. Also, be prepared to accelerate quickly so as not to hinder traffic on the motorway when you are ready to merge.
If the entrance ramp is very short, there is often an unconditional yield requirement. This means you must yield until there is space for you to enter the motorway. Use your turn signals and be very careful not to obstruct other drivers or traffic in general. In some places where it is very difficult to assess the traffic situation, there may be a stop line, which as always means you must come to a complete stop before driving out.
There may be combined entrance and exit ramps on motorways. This means you must enter the motorway and exit it by following the rules for lane changes (using your turn signal, maintaining distance, and staying alert).
Keep an eye on the traffic both behind and in front of you so you can react if those closest to you change speed or prepare to make a maneuver. Check your speed regularly by looking at the speedometer. Be aware of lane markings and traffic signs indicating lanes or mergers.
When driving on the motorway, also watch out for entrance ramps. You are obliged to be attentive and adjust your speed so that others can easily enter the motorway. This means slowing down so they can merge and speeding up if the other driver needs to merge in behind you. Moreover, to ensure smooth traffic flow, maintain the highest permitted speed on the motorway, if conditions allow.
Check the traffic signs well in advance before you need to exit. Assess the length of the exit lane. See if anyone is about to enter the motorway and assess whether you can safely take the exit. On the exit, pay attention to the speed limit and where you should position yourself in relation to your destination.
If you need to use a combined entrance and exit ramp, you should follow the same rules as for other entrance and exit ramps. Maintain distance, signal right when exiting, and give way to vehicles ahead that are entering the motorway.
This is how you drive when you need to drive on the motorway:
Adjust your speed to the length of the entrance ramp and merging section and to the speed of the vehicles in the lane closest to you on the motorway. Signal left and position yourself based on a gap in traffic or slightly ahead of another car that is slowing down or changing lanes so you can come in. When there is space, accelerate and merge onto the motorway, adjusting your speed to match the flow of traffic. If you are behind a vehicle on the entrance ramp, stay behind it at all times. If you need to merge onto the motorway and cannot do so, reduce your speed well in advance to ensure you have as long a merge lane as possible. This way, you can more easily accelerate to merge when space becomes available.
Adjust your speed to the entrance ramp, signal left, and show the others on the motorway that you will obey your yielding obligation.
Stay in the right lane for a short distance after entering the motorway to familiarize yourself with road and traffic conditions. Use the turn signal when changing lanes. Position yourself in the middle of the right lane, and use the left only if you need to overtake or make room for others to merge—or to follow indicated lanes. Assist other drivers who want to enter the motorway by either accelerating or reducing speed or changing lanes if there is space for them to merge.
Use hazard lights to warn other drivers if unexpected congestion or other hazards occur. Accelerate to the highest safe and legal speed on the stretch. Be proactive, such as when changing lanes, turning off, or the like.
You may only exit the motorway via an exit ramp. Signal with your turn signal and move into the right lane if you are not already there. As you approach the exit lane, try to maintain speed until you reach it and can reduce speed. This minimizes disruption to traffic on the motorway. There may be sharp turns on exit ramps, so be aware. Follow the recommended maximum speed, even if it is significantly lower than the speed on the motorway.
Only cars and motorcycles are allowed on the motorway. To drive on the motorway, you must be able to maintain a speed of at least 50 km/h, and you may drive at most 130 km/h. If you are towing a trailer, you may drive at most 80 km/h—however, if you have special Tempo 100 approval, you may drive at 100 km/h.
You may only enter and exit the motorway via entrance or exit ramps.
If you are towing another vehicle, you may only drive at 30 km/h, so it is also prohibited unless the vehicle needs to be towed off the road. This must be done as soon as possible after the incident.
On motorways and expressways, it is prohibited to:
Whenever possible, you should always stay outside the roadway in the emergency lane if you need to stop on the motorway. If you have attached a trailer longer than 7 meters, you should stay in the innermost lane. If there are 3 or more lanes, you should stay in lanes 1 or 2. When driving on the motorway, you should stay in the innermost lane. After overtaking, you should return to lane 1. It is not necessary to stay in lane 2, even if there are three lanes. It is prohibited to tow another car on the motorway.
An expressway is a combination of a rural road and a motorway and is what is called a major traffic artery. Only cars and motorcycles capable of traveling at least 50 km/h are allowed on expressways. You may drive at most 80 km/h on an expressway, as there may be side roads. Trucks and trailers may drive at most 80 km/h on expressways, and apart from these things, the same rules apply to expressways as on motorways when you drive.
You should be aware of some other differences:
You may encounter oncoming traffic on an expressway because there is no central reservation or median barrier, as there is on a motorway. There may be cross traffic, both pedestrian and vehicular, that you need to be aware of. Just like on a motorway, you are not allowed to make U-turns or reverse on an expressway.
If you drive closely in multiple lanes alongside each other, you cannot see very well or maneuver very well. Therefore, you need to practice.
Accidents occur when both motorists, moped riders, and cyclists unexpectedly turn left in front of the car at an intersection. Sometimes it's also motorists who squeeze you from either the left or right.
It can be difficult to judge the distance to those driving next to you, especially cyclists and moped riders, because they easily weave. If the road surface is slippery or greasy, it can be difficult to control the car. In heavy traffic, visibility may be limited, and maneuverability reduced, especially if you have vehicles on both sides, which may lead you to simply follow the traffic without looking ahead. Be careful not to stare too long at those driving beside you, as it increases the risk of drifting towards them.
For this reason, you should be very attentive to how the other drivers in the queue/row behave, so you can drive according to the conditions. When driving close to others, unexpected turns and people cutting right in front of you typically cause accidents. Be prepared to brake and check the mirrors so you know what's going on around you. When driving in bad weather, it's even more important to keep a close eye on those driving beside you because it's harder to avoid colliding with each other. In windy conditions, especially when driving over bridges, the car may sway due to crosswinds, easily bothering other drivers, so once again, take precautions and stay focused on the traffic flow and the other drivers.
Stay in your lane if traffic is heavy, and only change lanes if necessary. Remember to check both behind and to the sides before changing lanes. Merge into the line in front of you, even if it means overtaking those in the left lane. Avoid placing yourself in the blind spots of those ahead of you in the other lanes. Quickly gauge the distance to those driving beside and behind you.
There are several bad habits in traffic that occur because people lose patience in traffic jams or when driving close in rows:
Some squeeze the driver in the inner lane, which is highly annoying. Motorcycles and small mopeds may also try to use the narrow passage between rows of cars to get ahead faster, which is very dangerous as they are hard to see.
You may only overtake on the left. However, you may perform a right-side pass if the other driver clearly indicates a left turn. Otherwise, the rules of overtaking apply, allowing you to pass on both the right and left sides of another vehicle. You may only change lanes if you need to turn or go around a parked/stopped car.
Take a subject test with 12 questions – requires Platinum access.
You need to learn how to park along the roadside and in parking spaces, and also ensure that the car doesn't start on its own or get stolen when you leave it.
Most accidents occur on two-lane roads, where a car collides with a parked vehicle. It can be motorists, cyclists, or moped riders who collide with it. Serious parking accidents are rare, but there are quite a few incidents where the vehicle gets damaged.
When searching for a parking space, you must keep a close eye on the surrounding traffic. You must not pose a risk to others or inconvenience them. Therefore, be sure to check your mirrors by turning your head when you reduce speed to look for a parking space. If you're just stopping, signal your intention so others know what you're doing.
If you're driving too fast and, for example, brake abruptly to enter a parking space or attempt to park quickly, others may collide with you from behind. Also, remember that if you hit the curb hard, you can lose control and damage the tires and rims of the car.
There are quite a few parking accidents and parking damages, especially in the dark. The proper and legally required action if you damage someone else's car is to leave a note on the windshield so the matter can be sorted out by insurance companies. You'll receive a hefty fine for failing to do so if others witness it and report to the police what happened.
There are several lane markings and traffic signs you need to learn about in relation to parking and stopping.
There are some basic rules for stopping and parking:
Keep an eye on the surrounding traffic while looking for a parking space. Look back before reducing speed or briefly stopping to check if a space can be used. Quickly assess if there is enough space, or if it is legal to park there. Assess if you can park without unnecessarily inconveniencing traffic. Continuously orient yourself in mirrors and by turning your head while parking. Also, watch out for cyclists, moped riders, or pedestrians when opening the car door. Assess if your car is parked in a way that inconveniences other road users.
Maintain a speed that is not significantly lower than those behind you while looking for a parking space. Indicate that you are stopping by using the brake lights and possibly also the turn signals. Park along the outer edge of the roadway or in a parking bay. Engage the parking brake and possibly put the car in gear. Turn off the lights, remove the key, and ensure that any anti-theft protection is activated. Wait to open doors until you are sure you can do so without risking others.
There is a difference between stopping and parking. For both, it is voluntary placement of the car. That means stopping the car without it being the fault of traffic (there is no red light, yield sign, queue, or technical problems). It could be because you need to drop off or pick up passengers or cargo. When this happens in less than three minutes, it is considered stopping. If it is more than three minutes, it is considered parking. In parking, the purpose does not necessarily have to be dropping off or picking up passengers or cargo.
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You need to learn how to drive in darkness, using the appropriate lights when driving in front of or behind others, and when overtaking.
Overall, you need to be aware that there are many accidents in darkness or twilight. People often fail to notice pedestrians crossing the road, parked cars, or animals running across the road. This is typically because individuals do not use reflectors, lights, or mark vehicles/obstacles on the road, such as a container.
If you hit an animal, remember to call 1812.
Be sure to look for road markings and reflectors, which are often found on the roadside posts. You should always have a light cone in front of you that is longer than your stopping distance so that you are constantly aware of what is ahead of you and can react in time.
It's difficult to see properly in twilight, darkness, fog, or haze, during heavy rain and snow, or when the sun is low. It can be challenging to assess speed and distance to others under these conditions. If you drive too fast in relation to how well you can see and how far you can see, you can put yourself and others in dangerous situations. It's also dangerous if you get dazzled by oncoming vehicles or if you dazzle them. Parked vehicles, dark pedestrians, and cyclists without lights are risky because they are hard to see in the dark. Additionally, you should use your lights correctly, especially if it's twilight during daylight hours.
You need to be able to perceive and assess potential dangers in darkness, just as you can in daylight. Make use of the road markings and the reflective edge and background markings along the road so you can see how the road curves. Also, be aware of roadside posts with orange reflectors on the right side of the road and white reflectors on the left side. Only drive as fast as you can stop within the range of the light you're using and within the length of the clear stretch in front of you.
Before you drive, make sure that the lights are working properly and are adjusted correctly.
Use dipped headlights when there is road lighting where you are driving. Use main beam headlights if the road is not lit by street lamps and if you cannot see far enough with dipped headlights to react at the speed you are driving. However, you must dip your lights when encountering other road users to avoid dazzling them. When it is time for lights to be on, sidelights are not enough - dipped headlights must be on. If you are driving outside the period when lights should be on, you must use either dipped headlights, special daytime running lights, or fog lights. You may only use fog lights when it is foggy and it does not inconvenience others.
When you see the light from an oncoming vehicle approaching, quickly assess whether it is a car, tractor, motorcycle, or truck/bus. If you are using main beam headlights, switch to dipped headlights no later than 200-300 meters before meeting the other vehicle. Switch to dipped headlights well in advance when approaching trains running alongside the road, if there is a risk that your light will dazzle the train driver. Slow down to a maximum of 40 km/h when meeting vehicles on narrow or completely dark roads, so you can react if there is something on the roadside. Do not look directly into the lights; it will blind you. Stop if you are dazzled by others' lights. Switch to main beam headlights just before passing oncoming traffic.
You must always reduce your speed before switching to dipped headlights so you can be sure to see everything ahead of you. If you have main beam headlights and are overtaking someone in front of you, switch to dipped headlights as it otherwise significantly affects them. Keep a greater distance to the vehicle in front than you would in daylight because the vehicle in front may have difficulty seeing in the dark. Keep the main beam headlights on if someone behind wants to overtake. This helps them see. Switch to dipped headlights as soon as the car has overtaken and begins to move in.
Overtaking in the dark is dangerous. If you must do it, be very sure that there are no oncoming vehicles or other obstacles. The same applies if you are about to be overtaken: switch to dipped headlights so you do not risk dazzling the person in the mirrors. You must be able to illuminate significantly further with the headlights than the length you need to overtake. After overtaking, switch the main beam headlights back on. Pull to the right when you are sure there are no pedestrians or others you can hit.
If you stop in the middle of the road because you need to turn left, for example, you can use the brake lights to warn vehicles coming from behind by lightly pressing the brake pedal. If you stop or park on the side of the road on roads that are not sufficiently lit, you should use the car's position lights.
Use dipped headlights - never position lights - when there is fog, mist, rain, or visibility is otherwise poor. However, you can use fog lights instead of dipped headlights if you prefer. Use main beam headlights in particularly dense fog during the day to ensure that others can see you. Turn on dipped headlights when driving with the low sun at your back for the benefit of oncoming traffic. This makes you easier to see.
The period when lights must be on is from sunset to sunrise. It is also required when the weather demands it, such as in mist, fog, rain, or low sun, which can make it difficult for others to see you.
You need to learn how to drive in tunnels, which requires more attention from you. You will be driving in one of these tunnels: Tårnbytunnellen, Frederikssundsvejstunnellen, Englandsvejstunnellen, Guldborgsundtunnellen, or Limfjordstunnellen.
Many more tunnels have been built as the number of cars on the roads has increased, and people drive more. There have been some serious accidents abroad in the past 30 years, which have led to some of the best secured tunnels being seen in Danish tunnel constructions. Familiarize yourself with the various safety measures in tunnels so that you are ready to react correctly in case of accidents or incidents.
Be aware of the height of your car, as tunnels have limited clearance heights. If you are too high, you will hit the tunnel. When driving into the tunnel, the lighting changes. Be careful not to drive too fast into the tunnel, as it takes some time for your eyes to adjust, and you may easily overlook obstacles ahead.
Be alert not to overlook any red flashing signals before entering the tunnel. Also, watch out for stranded or stopped vehicles inside the tunnel. Look for signs indicating emergency exits, emergency equipment, emergency stopping places, and radio frequencies where you can listen to tunnel information. Check if the lane signals change. In many tunnels, a red cross is automatically lit above the right lane if the emergency cabinet is opened in the tunnel. If you need to contact the emergency center, use the emergency phone in the tunnel instead of your mobile phone.
There are several key aspects to consider when driving in a tunnel.
Maintain a longer distance than usual from the vehicle in front of you. Accidents can happen, and your car or motorcycle may stall. In such cases, pull over to the right side, activate the hazard lights, and put on a reflective safety vest. Exit the vehicle and proceed with caution. Walk to the nearest emergency phone, lift the receiver, and you will be in contact with the police, who will come to remove the vehicle.
If an accident occurs – here's how to drive and act:
Pull over to the side, activate the hazard lights, and put on the safety vest. Provide first aid as taught in the traffic-related first aid course. Call 112 from your phone or use the emergency phone to summon help, and wait at the scene.
If your vehicle or another vehicle catches fire, exit the tunnel as quickly as possible. If you cannot, pull over to the side, turn off the engine, and move away from the vehicle. Do not lock the car. Raise the alarm using your own phone or the emergency phone.
If you can extinguish the fire with a powder extinguisher, do so, and provide first aid if possible to those who may be injured. Then, exit the tunnel through an emergency door, which is also clearly marked inside tunnels.
You need to learn to drive where there is light rail. If possible, you should drive near one of these light rails: Aarhus Light Rail or Odense Light Rail.
Accidents occur near the light rail because motorists misunderstand or overlook the red light signal. There are also accidents involving motorists who fail to notice the light rail train when maneuvering their vehicles, or pedestrians who fail to notice the light rail train when crossing the track.
Accidents often occur near the light rail because traffic signals or signs are overlooked, causing the right-of-way to be violated and resulting in collisions with the light rail. This can also be due to inattention. The light rail vehicle has a long braking distance, so it's important that you are especially attentive when driving near a light rail.
Be aware of the red light signal at the light rail, and be careful not to focus too much attention on the light rail, so you overlook other road users. Light rail vehicles adapt their speed to conditions, signals, and traffic. They must not travel faster than buses, i.e., maximum 80 km/h. Be aware of where the light rail is traveling if you are overtaking or passing a light rail train.
You need to be able to adjust your speed when driving near the light rail, so you have time to get used to it.
