The Easy Theory Book
On the practice course, you will learn to drive the car at low speeds. You must be able to start and stop, drive forward and backward, turn, maneuver, and park on the roadside and in parking bays. You should be able to perform these exercises safely so that you can drive on the road, following traffic and traffic rules.
You must be able to perform the exercise flawlessly, at least two times in a row. You should also be able to check safety before driving (seat belts, doors, etc.), and understand the dashboard lights and sounds.
You need to learn to recognize and use the controls to check the car,
before driving, to ensure it is safe to drive.
You should be able to handle these tasks in the car: You should be able to clean fogged and dirty windows, mirrors, and headlight lenses. Remember to remove loose objects from the dashboard, sun visors, window shelf, and under and in front of the driver's seat. Finally, you should be able to close and lock the car securely.
You should also be able to adjust various parts, such as fastening and adjusting the seatbelt and headrest, adjusting mirrors, quickly opening the seatbelt, and using the clutch, accelerator, and brake, as well as using gears and the handbrake.
You should be familiar with and able to use all controls in the car. This includes lights, steering wheel lock, ignition, electric starter, windshield wipers and washers, and horn. Regarding the climate in the car, you should know how the blower, heating and ventilation system, and rear window defroster work, and if the mirrors are adjusted electrically, you should also be able to do that. Finally, it is important that you can open the hood and fuel filler flap and adjust the mirrors. If the car has a roof box and bike rack, you should make sure it is securely attached.
You should be able to operate the electric starter correctly. You should be able to use the clutch, accelerator, and brake so that the car does not jerk violently when starting and stopping. You should also avoid giving too much gas or riding the clutch.
You need to learn how to operate the clutch, accelerator, and brake so that you can start and stop without jerking violently and without giving unnecessary gas or riding the clutch. You also need to learn how to drive at a reasonably steady speed over short distances.
You should be able to handle these tasks: fasten your seatbelt and then start the engine using the steering wheel, ignition, and idling. If you stall, you should be able to start again. You should be able to shift from neutral to 1st gear while the engine is running, orient yourself in all directions, and check blind spots by looking over your shoulder. Then release the handbrake, start gently, and drive slowly forward. Once the car is in motion, you should use the accelerator and clutch correctly without giving too much gas or riding the clutch. Finally, you should be able to brake gently, disengage the clutch, and shift to neutral to stop.
If you need to start on a road that is sloping or uphill, start the engine and immediately shift into 1st gear. Start gently and use the accelerator, clutch, and brake so you don't roll backward. You can choose whether to use the brake pedal or the parking brake.
You need to learn how to grip the steering wheel correctly to drive smoothly in a figure-eight pattern by turning left and right.
You need to learn how to grip the steering wheel when driving. Do this by placing your thumbs on the inside of the steering wheel rim and your hands pointing in the 'quarter to three' position, both when driving straight and turning, to avoid crossing your arms when turning. Check this by driving in 1st gear in a large figure-eight curve.
You need to learn to use multiple pedals simultaneously, such as clutch and accelerator or clutch and brake. Additionally, you need to learn to drive in reverse and assess how long your car is. You practice driving forward and backward by maneuvering between two cones.
When driving on the maneuvering track, you need to be able to brake precisely so that the car just touches the cone as you approach it. You should be able to shift to reverse gear, drive backward, look backward, and brake precisely so that the car just touches the cone as you reverse towards it.
You need to learn to drive straight when reversing and to turn around corners.
When driving in reverse, you need to be able to turn left and right in smooth curves. Therefore, you must also be able to look ahead using mirrors and check blind spots. You should be able to reverse straight without stopping, i.e., without turning, for 20-30 meters and check mirrors along the way. If you are reversing around a corner, you need to be able to quickly straighten the car to drive straight.
You need to learn to drive even more precisely and safely by practicing coordinating speed and steering.
You need to be able to slalom both forward and backward. You practice this by slaloming between some cones. You must be able to do it without stopping or knocking over the cones.
When slaloming backward, you need to orient yourself by turning your head and looking through the rear window and side windows and by using the mirrors.
You need to learn to park forward, pulling up to the curb on the right side of the road without hitting the curb.
You need to learn to park on the roadside on the right side of the road. Practice it where there's ample space and where maneuvering is limited. When parking in tight spaces, the right pair of wheels must be at most 20 cm from the curb. Additionally, the car should be parallel to the curb.
You need to learn to shift into 2nd gear and smoothly make right turns. Additionally, you should learn to brake hard without locking the wheels.
On the maneuvering course, you should be able to accelerate quickly up to 20-25 km/h and shift from 1st to 2nd gear while maintaining the same speed. You should be able to brake hard without locking the wheels and make sharp turns in 2nd gear.
You need to learn how to make a U-turn and perform a three-point turn.
You need to be able to perform a U-turn, turning around while moving forward and backward, both on a wide and narrow road. Finally, you must learn how to execute a three-point turn.
You need to learn how to park in different parking bays, and practice reversing into a space along the roadside.
You need to learn how to park both forwards and backwards in a parking bay. The car should be parked roughly in the middle of the bay. You should also be able to perform what's called parallel parking, which means you should be able to reverse into a 'pocket' that is 8 meters long and 2 meters wide, alongside the roadside. This is equivalent to parking between two parked cars with a distance of 8 meters between them. You must be at most 30 centimeters from the roadside.
When practicing, you should orient yourself through the front or rear windshield and the side windows, as well as using the mirrors.